Motherboard chipset is master of all the communication between CPU, the memory, & the local bus. Your CPU drives the decision on which chipset to buy & use. A speedy chipset would permit efficient knowledge transfers & power management. Therefore, the chipset is well-deserved the key part of a motherboard. Nowadays quality motherboard often use the chipsets like 975X, 975P offered by Intel Corp, or chipsets like C51G, nForce4 SLI/SLI X16 supplied by NVIDIA Corp.
Motherboard chipset is normally composed of the Southbridge chip & the Northbridge chip.
The Northbridge is chiefly responsible for the knowledge transmission between the CPU, the memory & the AGP ports, & also connects with the Southbridge through specific knowledge channels. The encapsulation of the Northbridge originally used BGA as its package mode, now the encapsulated mode of the Intel Northbridge has changed in to FC-PGA package, but the Northbridge designed for AMD processor is still using a traditional BGA package.
Compared with the Northbridge, the Southbridge chip mostly takes charge the communication between IDE devices, PCI devices, audio devices, network devices & other I/O devices. Till now, the Southbridge is still a BGA package.
Additionally, except for the conventional classification of the Southbridge & the Northbridge, now they can also see an all-in-one design in some NVIDIA & SiS chipsets. This plan integrates the Northbridge & the Southbridge in to chip, which has a deep meaning in cost saving & improving the competitiveness of similar products, however it is not been widely popularized.
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