This question can be answered fundamentally or it can be answered in a small small small small bit of detail. The simple answer is that information is sent across networks digitally. The expanded answer is that information is sent across networks in digital form, using a variety of protocols and routing methods. This article will touch lightly on the digital format that I used and introduce you to the network protocols that are used.
Digital Means Binary
When you talk on the (analog) phone or in person with somebody, you are sending an analog signal to that person. Your voice is continuously modulated to form the letters, words, and inflections of everyday speech. When that conversation enters the digital arena, the information, your conversation, is converted in to digital signals. Digital signals means the electrical current is either on or off. This is also called the Binary Method. A signal that is on is a binary, and a signal that is off is a binary zero. The ones and zeros are combined in to binary "words" that are bit (singles) in length normally. Something like a document is converted in to the binary equivalent of itself using what is named the American Standard for Information Interchange (ASCII) table. As an example, in ASCII, the numeral '1' corresponds to the decimal number 49, or 0011 1001.
Different Types of Addressing
On most networks, every computer has at least different types of addresses by which it ca be identified. Inside a "trusted" internal network, such as a Local Area Network, computers are identified by their Net Bios names. An example of this can be seen in Windows Explorer when you click on 'Network'. You might even see names like 'Conference Room Server', or HP Deskjet-Third Floor' in a business network, or 'Mom', 'Dad', 'Junior' in a home network. These are NetBIOS names. Each of these devices is further identified to the network (invisibly to you) by what are known as MAC addresses. These MAC addresses are specific to each individual piece of equipment and assigned by the seller, not the network. These addresses look like a bunch of meaningless characters and numbers. The last major type of address that may be assigned to a network node is the Web Protocol (IP) address, which is formed in octets (192.168.1.1, as an example). Each set of numbers in an IP address is called an octet, because there is bits in the ASCII code and each digit number can go up to 255, which translates in to ASCII 1111 1111.
A Computer Introduces Itself Before Speaking to Another
The larger web operates on the Transport control Protocol, which standardize how computers on the net around the globe communicate. Unlike they unruly humans, computers have manners. Before they can start speaking to each other, they perform and introduction and handshake procedure. Then they move to telling each other how they are configured to transfer information. times they agree on how they will do this, the information begins to move; your web page begins to load.
This is a basic run down on how information is transferred on a network such as the net. In future articles, they will go in to a small more depth on this method, addressing and the protocols used in the coursework of information transfer.
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